Kidney transplantation is a surgical procedure that involves the replacement of a diseased or failed kidney with a healthy one from a living or deceased donor. It is considered the most effective treatment for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) when the kidneys have lost their ability to function adequately. Living donor kidneys, often from a close family member or a compatible individual, offer the advantage of reduced waiting times and generally better outcomes. Deceased donor kidneys, obtained from individuals who have recently passed away, contribute significantly to the transplant pool. Successful kidney transplantation provides individuals with ESRD the opportunity for a better quality of life, reduced dependence on dialysis, and improved overall health. However, transplantation is not without risks, and recipients must take immunosuppressive medications to prevent rejection of the transplanted organ. Despite these challenges, kidney transplantation remains a transformative and life-saving option, underscoring the importance of organ donation in offering hope to those in need of a new lease on life.